Similarly, displacement is the time integral of velocity. The direct approach to mass flow measurement emerson. This accuracy can often be improved when the meter is calibrated under more defined conditions, such as. The float moves upwards by a force obtained by multiplying the pressure differential by. One advantage of these current meters is direct analog reading of velocity. The atraction between the magnet and the magnetic steel pulls the two together. The trivector meter is a measuring instrument which measures the kw, kvar, the kva of a power line. The position of the control valve must be considered thereby see also valve at the inlet or outlet. The qmeter is an instrument designed for the measurement of qfactor of the coil as well as for the measurement of electrical properties of coils and capacitors. Turbine flow meter is a volumetric measuring turbine type. Here, the magnitude of the amplifier is not a critical factor, its gain should be large.
Principles of rotameterflowmeter when fluid or gas flows through a taper tube containing a float, a pressure difference of p1 and p2 is created between upper and lower side of the float. The currentmeter with conical cups is more popular because of its accuracy and efficient working. Turbine flow meter working principle instrumentationtools. Working principle of ph sensor electrode and ph meter used in quality control and manufacturing area. Velocity transducersensor,working,measurement,circuit diagram. Thermal mass flow working principle, theory and design. Before we introduce various types of power factor meters it is very essential to understand what are the needs of power factor meter.
The meter will also compute the reactive power on 3phase, 4wire principle, with an accuracy as per relevant standards, and integrate the reactive energy algebraically into two separate registers, one for the period for which the average rms voltage is greater. Usbr water measurement manual chapter 10 current meters. What is and how does a variable area flowmeter work. Plot results from both flow rates on the same graph. What is the basic working principle of tri vector meter answer sourav dutta this is a instrument, which measures kvah and also kva of maximum demand. It consumes a small amount of power, typically around 2 watts. This free area is related to the flow rate, the weight of the float and the density and viscosity of the fluid. Detection of liquid concentrations by optical means was already known in antiquity. The angular velocity of the rotor results in the generation of an electrical signal ac sine wave type in the pickup. The working principle of these meters is the same as the pipeline electromagnetic flowmeter, which is more fully described in chapter 14. Variable area flowmeters for simple and costeffective flow measurement of gases or liquids without auxiliary power glass and metal tube purgemeters for lowflow applications principle of operation. Working principle of turbine flow meter linkedin slideshare.
Trivector meters are normally used in substations and to measure the power flowing through the feeders. In this chapter, a brief description of basic principle, working and experimental set up of instrumentation used for studying structural, optical, magnetic and thermal properties of synthesized undoped and magnetic mn, ni and co doped cds nanoparticles are described and listed below. The meters are also intrinsically and essentially self cleaning in view of the fact that the flow of liquid or gas amid the tube wall and the float offers a scouring action which daunts the upsurge of foreign material. Inductance and capacitance measurements c voltage source r limiting amplifier dc voltmeter phase detector in this scheme, we measure the phase difference between the input voltage, vin and the voltage across the series resistance. Dds102j1 single phase electronic energy meter register display ddsy102k3 single phase electronic type prepayment energy meter ddsy102k7 single phase electronic type microwireless energy meter. A rotameter is a device that measures the flow rate of liquid or gas in a closed tube rotameter. When applying the above equation to magnetic flowmeters, the number of turns n and the strength of the magnetic field b are fixed. Thus, a velocity transducer can be used to find the displacement of an object. History principle construction of a ph meter types of ph meter types of probe electrode. We know that velocity is the derivative of displacement with respect to time.
In principle the working of the two types is based on the same theory and can be outlined as mentioned below. Flowing through them with air or other gases is creating because of the viscose friction of the gas a permanent pressure drop or loss across the lfe. Volumetric measurements are affected by all ambient and process conditions that influence unit volume or indirectly affect pressure drop, while mass flow measurement is unaffected by changes in viscosity. Even though there are several designs of ultrasonic meters on the market today, the principle of operation remains the same. This principle applies regardless of whether the fluid is a liquid, gas, or slurry. Variable area flowmeter ariable area flowmeter rotameter. Transittime ultrasonic flow meter details of the working. Jul 25, 2018 the principle of working and construction of induction type meter is very simple and easy to understand thats why these are widely used in measuring energy in domestic as well as industrial world. He says the music was so loud it hurt his ears padatnya traffic juga bisa mempengaruhi modem untuk sering disco, terutama pada peak time. Transittime ultrasonic flow meter details of the working principle a transittime flow meter is based on the time difference between upstream and downstream sound propagation intervals. When the meter is lowered in water and when it faces the current of water in the channel the wheel rotates. These current meters can also measure crossflow and are directional. The faradays law becomes the faradays law becomes where d is the distance between the two electrodes the length of conductor, and v is the flow velocity. A mas s flow meter operating on the corioli s principle c ontain s a v ibra ting tube i n which a fluid flow caus es changes i n frequen c y, phase s hift or am plitude.
This instrument operates on the principle of series resonance i. Aug 09, 2011 we know that velocity is the derivative of displacement with respect to time. Practical aspects of turbine flow meters calibration and. This type of flowmeters consists of a float inside a conical tube. The variable area flow meter for gases is highly dependent on the pressure in the measuring tube.
The fluid flows up through the tapered tube forcing the float to a position with sufficient free area to enable the flow to pass. Due to its operating principle the rotameter is usually installed in vertical. Viscous drag also contributes to the pressure drop across the turbine meter. Electronic trivector meter, er300p pride is a multipurpose unit which integrate several functions and replace various equipments for metering energy parameters. That is, they measure the velocity of the gas within the meter body. Singlephase smart distribution test and measurement instruments. Power factor meters electrodynamometer type power factor meter. Basically, magnetic pulloff gages use a magnet, a calibrated spring, and a scale. Figure 1 ultrasonic flow meter ultrasonic meters are velocity meters by nature. The current meter with conical cups is more popular because of its accuracy and efficient working. Why we do not directly calculate power factor in an ac circuit just by dividing the power with product of current and voltage because these readings can.
The electromechanical induction meter operates by counting the revolutions of an aluminium disc which is made to rotate at a speed proportional to the power. Turbine flow meter turbine flow meter is a type of measurement meter, which is use for measure of flow and provide exceptionally accurate and reliable digital outputs. The key to the success of the use of bills of quantities is a clear understanding by all parties to the contract of what is included, or excluded, in the measurement. The principle of working and construction of induction type meter is very simple and easy to understand thats why these are widely used in measuring energy in domestic as well as industrial world. These instruments can measure both power as well as energy.
It belongs to a class of meters called variable area meters, which measure flow rate by allowing the crosssectional area the fluid travels through, to vary, causing a measurable effect. All we have to do is add an integrating circuit to the velocity transducer arrangement. May 15, 2018 before we introduce various types of power factor meters it is very essential to understand what are the needs of power factor meter. An induc tor is connected to the q meter coil terminals and resonated at the mea surement frequency, the q and tuning capacitance, q and c1, are read, the sample foils are then connected tothe q meter cap terminals ai. In all induction meters we have two fluxes which are produced by two different alternating currents on a metallic disc. Transittime ultrasonic flow meter details of the working principle. Increasing viscosities will limit the maximum attainable flow rate. Free download ebooks they ranged from the player will receive a reward car after leveling up until reaching level 50.
Thermal mass flow measurement this thesis presents a comprehensive static model for a capillary type thermal mass flow sensor for gases using such a sensor, a meter is constructed which measures gas mass flow by means of a bypass arrangement which ensures a constant flow ratio between the sensor and the meters mam flow element. The number of revolutions is thus proportional to the energy usage. A ph meter is a scientific instrument that measures the hydrogenion activity in waterbased. The flowing fluid engages the rotor causing it to rotate at an angular velocity proportional to the fluid flow rate. The working principles and design of turbine flow meters are well documented. Magnetic flowmeters, also known as electromagnetic flowmeters or induction flowmeters, obtain the flow velocity by measuring the changes of induced voltage of the conductive fluid passing across a controlled magnetic field a typical magnetic flowmeter places electric coils around inline model near insertion model the pipe of the flow to be measured and sets up a pair of.
Fundamentals of multipath ultrasonic flow meters for gas. Measurement principle laminar flow elements are measurement instruments for the actual volume flow and are working according the hagenpoiseuille law. This mechanical principle is as simple as it is reliable. This shall help in transferring the same energy parameters being recorded inside the meters on pulse output as well for scada application at remote distance. Nov, 2014 the meters are also intrinsically and essentially self cleaning in view of the fact that the flow of liquid or gas amid the tube wall and the float offers a scouring action which daunts the upsurge of foreign material. A transittime flow meter is based on the time difference between upstream and downstream sound propagation intervals. So, it was all about the working of rotameter flow meter which is regarded as the most useful industrial material. The devices have been miniaturized, enabling direct measurement of ph inside of living cells.
With comparatively low pressure drop for inline meters, turbine flow meters deliver unprecedented accuracy. Increasing viscosities will limit the maximum attainable flow. Thermal mass flow working principle, theory and design thermal mass flow meters measure the mass flowrate of gases and liquids directly. Mar 10, 2016 working principle of turbine flow meter 1. Practical aspects of turbine flow meters calibration and uvc. The natural vibration frequency of the tubes is determined by. Q meter l r signal v v generator multiply q by circuit c q meter tuning capacitor example. Consistent with principles of good laboratory practice, calibration is performed. A reference meter, also known as a standard or master, determines the absolute or true volume. What is the basic working principle of tri vector meter. Power factor meters electrodynamometer type power factor. Measurement of velocity by currentmeter with diagram.
1034 1037 1332 1216 1167 1361 1033 733 1215 1213 1474 326 863 1166 176 1422 51 1310 1548 172 1601 99 867 190 1461 1642 883 47 1354 49 24 4 1035 684 1430 400 1402 1155 1026 269 941 1495 1168